Talk about how to dispose of used power batteries?

　　With the rapid development of my country's new energy vehicle industry, the power battery market will usher in a huge increase, and at the same time, the subsequent power battery recycling and reuse problems will become more and more prominent. Generally speaking, if the capacity of the power battery is less than 80% of the initial capacity, it is considered that the life of the power battery is over and cannot be used in new energy vehicles. From the current technology point of view, the cycle life of the power battery pack is about 1000-1500 times, which is equivalent to about 5 years. With the large-scale promotion of electric vehicles, the number of scrapped power batteries will also increase. According to the China Automotive Technology Research Center, by 2020, the cumulative amount of scrapped power batteries for electric vehicles in my country will reach 120,000 to 170,000 tons. . Therefore, my country urgently needs to establish a power battery cascade recycling industry chain.

　　The status quo of cascade recycling of power batteries in my country

　　 1. Policy

In the "Energy-saving and New Energy Automobile Industry Development Plan (2012~2020)" issued in July 2012, my country clearly proposed "to formulate power utilization management measures, establish a power battery cascade utilization and recycling management system, and clarify relevant parties. Responsibilities, rights and obligations. Lead power battery manufacturers to strengthen the recycling of used batteries, and encourage the development of specialized battery recycling companies.” However, this plan does not address the rights, responsibilities, and parties involved in the recycling process. Make specific provisions.

In 2015, the Ministry of Finance and other four ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Notice on the Financial Support Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles in 2016-2020". Automobile manufacturers and power battery manufacturers should bear the main responsibility for the recycling of power batteries and be responsible for power batteries. Of recycling.

　　 In order to encourage manufacturers to recycle power batteries, many local governments are also actively exploring. Shanghai has issued a policy that the government will subsidize 1,000 yuan for the recycling of power batteries by car companies; Shenzhen will establish a power battery utilization and recycling system: each car manufacturer will spend 600 yuan and the government will use 300 yuan for recycling power batteries. , The initial establishment of a battery recycling mechanism.

　　 2. Development status

　　At present, enterprises and institutions including the State Grid, local governments, battery companies and other enterprises have carried out research on the cascade recycling of power batteries, and have made some progress, but it is still in the exploratory stage and the industrial chain has not yet formed.

　　 State Grid Zhejiang Company is exploring the cascade recycling of power batteries on electric bicycles. State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Company completed the "Technical Plan for Echelon Utilization of Power Battery Electric Bicycles" in 2013, which reorganized the batteries of scrap batteries of electric vehicles and transformed them into power sources for 48-volt electric bicycles to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction. .

　　 State Grid Beijing Company combines battery echelon utilization with fast charging. In March 2014, the State Grid Beijing Electric Power Research Institute launched the "Electric Vehicle Power Battery Echelon Utilization Technology Research and Demonstration" project, which combines the echelon utilization of returned batteries with DC fast charging stations, and at the same time through the use of hundreds of kilowatts of energy storage The system is connected to dynamically adjust the DC load in the charging station, stabilize the voltage node, reduce the peak-to-valley load in the charging station, and improve the comprehensive operating efficiency of the charging station.

　　 The State Grid Henan Company built a micro-grid system and created a set of standardized procedures for the sorting, evaluation, and grouping of power batteries. State Grid Henan Company, in conjunction with NARI Group, battery manufacturing companies and other units, through comprehensive research and practice in basic theories, applied technologies, and demonstration and promotion, the completed decommissioned battery energy storage demonstration project has been the first in the country to build a set of decommissioned The standardized process of power battery from sorting, reorganization to energy storage utilization. The project is located at the Jianshan True Transmission Line Test Base in Zhengzhou City. It is the first true hybrid microgrid system based on decommissioned power batteries in China. After the successful joint debugging, it has been running continuously for one year and has accumulated power supply of more than 45,000 kWh. The system is currently operating in good condition. In addition, State Grid Henan Power also took the lead in establishing a technology platform for retired battery sorting and evaluation, which realized the safety evaluation, cycle life test, and sorting classification of retired batteries; for the inconsistency of retired battery performance, it formulated technical specifications for battery allocation groups. Developed an efficient and reliable battery management system to improve the secondary cycle life of the battery; developed decommissioned battery energy storage systems of different voltage and capacity levels, and promoted the demonstration of decommissioned battery energy storage systems in small energy storage fields such as electric motorcycles application.

　　Beijing Science and Technology Commission has achieved better economic results by refitting on site vehicles and substations. The Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission’s "Electric Vehicle Lithium-ion Battery System Full Life Cycle Utilization Technology Research and Demonstration" project team uses retired power batteries to carry out modification demonstrations on electric field vehicles, electric forklifts and electric substation DC systems, and the batteries are recovered after actual testing Compared with traditional lead-acid batteries in performance, it has certain advantages and is more economical.

　　The problems of cascade recycling

　　Echelon utilization can more tap the value of power batteries, reduce the overall cost of power batteries, and maximize the benefits of circular economy. However, echelon utilization still faces many problems and challenges, and if it cannot be solved effectively, it is difficult to realize industrialization.

　　 1. Battery matching problem

Different car companies in my country have different battery routes, battery specifications and model selections, and battery evaluation requirements. This has caused the current battery models to be too many. Different types of battery voltages and charging and discharging platforms are different. Therefore, in battery sorting The process will cause great difficulties. Due to the large scale of energy storage batteries, often in units of hundreds of kilowatts or even megawatts, the problem of battery matching in the field of energy storage batteries is particularly prominent.

　　 2. Matching issues with energy storage projects

　　 Energy storage batteries are engineering batteries, and the construction time and space are relatively concentrated, with clear construction period restrictions. Power batteries belong to the application of product attributes, and the elimination of batteries occurs anytime and anywhere, which does not match the engineering attributes of energy storage batteries. If you have an energy storage project, you can go to the market to recycle batteries. The timeliness cannot be guaranteed; if you store normally recycled batteries, it may increase the cost of recycling batteries. At the same time, the performance of batteries may change during storage.

　　 3. The secondary cost of battery

In the battery echelon utilization process, its recycling, dismantling, sorting, transportation, storage, and secondary grouping require cost at each step. Especially in the battery disassembly process, due to the different battery structure, module connection, and process technology of different manufacturers Different, automated equipment is difficult to complete, requires a lot of manual work, low efficiency, and due to factors such as damage during the disassembly process, the cost is uncertain, how to effectively reduce this part of the cost and improve efficiency will become effective for power batteries The key factor of cascade utilization.

　　 4. Security issues

　　 The battery itself is an energy carrier, even after the discharge is completed, there is still some energy remaining. In the battery disassembly process, due to the large amount of manual work, it is difficult to guarantee the standardization of operation. If the operation is improper, problems such as short circuit and liquid leakage are likely to occur, which may lead to safety accidents such as fire and explosion.

  to sum up

It is expected that in the next 4-8 years, the new energy vehicle batteries promoted at this stage will gradually be scrapped. Judging from the current development of power battery recycling, my country is still in its infancy and is far from industrialization. The government and enterprises urgently need to step up their deployment. , To avoid a passive situation in the future.